Beyond the Last Click: How Multi-Touch Attribution is Transforming Pharma Marketing
See how a leading rare disease oncology biopharma company moved from guesswork to precision by using Markov chain attribution to decode the healthcare professional (HCP) journey and unlock smarter channel investment.
Why attribution can't be an after thought
In rare disease oncology, promotional reach is narrow, and the cost of misaligned spend is high. A leading biopharma company was engaging HCPs across field visits, email, SMS, video, electronic health record (EHR) placements, and microsites but had no reliable way to understand which combination of touchpoints was driving first prescriptions. Without that clarity, budget decisions were based on assumptions rather than evidence.
Rules-based models cannot capture a non-linear HCP journey
Existing last-touch and rules-based attribution models were ill-suited to the complexity of multi-channel HCP engagement.
- An extensive channel mix made it impossible to isolate each touchpoint's true impact.
- Last-touch models over-credited the final interaction and ignored earlier journey-building channels.
- There was no visibility into how channels work together or where spend becomes wasteful.
A Markov chain attribution framework built for complex HCP journeys
Axtria designed a data-driven attribution model that traced each HCP's full promotional sequence and fairly credited every touchpoint.
- Data collection and sequencing
Non-personal promotion (NPP) and personal promotion (PP) interactions were organized chronologically by HCP, then linked to prescription outcomes to identify conversion events.
- Markov chain modeling
Transition probabilities mapped channel-to-channel movement across the journey. Removal effects measured each channel's marginal contribution to conversion.
- Attribution and segmentation
Channels were scored and classified by conversion rate and time to Rx, with high-intent HCPs flagged based on engagement patterns that matched historical converters.
Smarter spend, sharper targeting, and faster prescriptions
The model delivered six actionable outputs that directly improved how the commercial team engaged HCPs and allocated budget.
| 71% The total attribution was driven by just 6 of 30 channels, enabling concentrated investment. |
25 The NPP touchpoint cap was identified to prevent over-investment and redirect the budget. |
0–7 days The recency window was shown to shorten the journey from awareness to prescription. |
| 1,779 The total attribution was driven by just 6 of 30 channels, enabling concentrated investment. |
804 Sequence-matched HCPs provided a replicable engagement blueprint. |
561 HCPs were ready for immediate rep outreach, enabling data-driven call planning. |
FAQs
MTA distributes conversion credit across all touchpoints in an HCP's journey, rather than a single interaction. Without it, pharma teams routinely over-credit the last channel before conversion and underfund the earlier channels that built physician confidence, leading to skewed spend and missed opportunities.
Markov chain models the actual sequence of touchpoints and measures each channel's contribution by simulating its removal, ideal for non-linear HCP engagement. Shapley Value computes fair credit across all possible channel combinations, making it better suited to highly diverse journeys. Journey sequencing and future journey design were the priority here, making Markov chain the stronger fit.
The model maps transition probabilities between every channel, then systematically removes each one and recalculates the overall conversion rate. The drop in conversion probability is the channel's removal effect, its marginal contribution. Channels with a large removal effect have genuine independent value in driving prescriptions.
Three inputs are needed: NPP data (digital and remote channel interactions per HCP), PP data (field rep CRM call records), and Rx data (prescription events with dates). Records are organized chronologically by HCP NPI and linked to conversion outcomes. Data completeness across all feeds is critical. Gaps produce unreliable attribution scores.
Since 80% of conversions happen within 25 NPP touchpoints, spend beyond that threshold yields diminishing returns. Teams use this as a budget guardrail, redirecting investment from over-exposed HCPs to under-exposed physicians with similar profiles, expanding effective reach without increasing total spend.
Non-prescribers whose NPP frequency, recency, and channel mix matched the historical engagement signatures of HCPs who converted were flagged as high-intent. Within this group, 804 followed repeatable sequences that preceded prescription, and 561 were ready for immediate rep outreach.
Yes. The methodology applies across several therapeutic areas such as primary care, specialty, and medical devices. Channel archetypes, saturation thresholds, and recency windows vary by brand, so the model is always calibrated on brand-specific historical data, rather than generic benchmarks.
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